INDIAN NATIONALISM

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राष्ट्र की परिभाषा एक ऐसे जन समूह के रूप में की जा सकती है जो कि एक भौगोलिक सीमाओं में एक निश्चित देश में रहता हो, समान परम्परा, समान हितों तथा समान भावनाओं से बँधा हो और जिसमें एकता के सूत्र में बाँधने की उत्सुकता तथा समान राजनैतिक महत्त्वाकांक्षाएँ पाई जाती हों। राष्ट्रवाद के निर्णायक तत्वों मे राष्ट्रीयता की भावना सबसे अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण है। राष्ट्रीयता की भावना किसी राष्ट्र के सदस्यों में पायी जानेवाली सामुदायिक भावना है जो उनका संगठन सुदृढ़ करती है। भारत में अंग्रेजों के शासनकाल मे राष्ट्रीयता की भावना का विशेषरूप से विकास हुआ, इस विकास में विशिष्ट बौद्धिक वर्ग का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान है। भारत में अंग्रेजी शिक्षा के प्रसार से एक ऐसे विशिष्ट वर्ग का निर्माण हुआ जो स्वतन्त्रता को मूल अधिकार समझता था और जिसमें अपने देश को अन्य पाश्चात्य देशों के समकक्ष लाने की प्रेरणा थी। पाश्चात्य देशों का इतिहास पढ़कर उसमें राष्ट्रवादी भावना का विकास हुआ। इसका तात्पर्य यह नहीं है कि भारत के प्राचीन इतिहास से नई पीढ़ी को राष्ट्रवादी प्रेरणा नहीं मिली है किन्तु आधुनिक काल में नवोदित राष्ट्रवाद अधिकतर अंग्रेजी शिक्षा का परिणाम है। देश में अंग्रेजी शिक्षा प्राप्त किए हुए नवोदित विशिष्ट वर्ग ने ही राष्ट्रीयता का झण्डा उठाया।

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