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A source of law refers to the original material(s) where the contents of law are found. It is essential so as to have the law, its explanation and its right interpretation. SOURCES OF MUSLIM LAW: 1. PRIMARY 2. SECONDARY 1) The sources that the Prophet Mohammad directed will be the primary sources. 2) These are to be followed in their respective order of priority 3) They are also called formal sources 4) The whole of Muslim personal law is based on these 1) These sources explain or modify the primary sources. 2) They deal with the needs of the Islamic society in the modern era. 3) These are also called extraneous sources. 4) Some of the personal rules may find places in the sources, e.g., customs. THE PRIMARY SOURCES 1) QURAN The term “Quran” has its roots in the Arabic word ‘Qurra’ and refers to ‘the reading’ or ‘what ought to be read’. The first revelation (Wahi) came to the Prophet in 609 A.D. They continued for about 23 years. These revelations ...

राष्ट्र  की  परिभाषा  एक ऐसे जन समूह के रूप में की जा सकती है जो कि एक भौगोलिक सीमाओं में एक निश्चित देश में रहता हो, समान परम्परा, समान हितों तथा समान भावनाओं से बँधा हो और जिसमें एकता के सूत्र में बाँधने की उत्सुकता तथा समान राजनैतिक महत्त्वाकांक्षाएँ पाई जाती हों।  राष्ट्रवाद  के निर्णायक तत्वों मे राष्ट्रीयता की भावना सबसे अधिक महत्त्वपूर्ण है। राष्ट्रीयता की भावना किसी राष्ट्र के सदस्यों में पायी जानेवाली सामुदायिक भावना है जो उनका संगठन सुदृढ़ करती है।  भारत  में  अंग्रेजों  के शासनकाल मे राष्ट्रीयता की भावना का विशेषरूप से विकास हुआ, इस विकास में विशिष्ट बौद्धिक वर्ग का महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान है। भारत में अंग्रेजी शिक्षा के प्रसार से एक ऐसे विशिष्ट वर्ग का निर्माण हुआ जो  स्वतन्त्रता  को मूल अधिकार समझता था और जिसमें अपने देश को अन्य पाश्चात्य देशों के समकक्ष लाने की प्रेरणा थी। पाश्चात्य देशों का इतिहास पढ़कर उसमें राष्ट्रवादी भावना का विकास हुआ। इसका तात्पर्य यह नहीं है कि भारत के प्राचीन इतिहास से नई पीढ़ी को राष्ट्रवादी प्र...

CONCEPT OF MEDIA The word “Media” is derived from latin word medius meaning Medium (middle or the middle position). Plural form of word “medium” is “ media”, this word has a long history, with a variety of understandings, but only more recently, in the later 19 th century, did the term begin to enter our vocabulary  in the modern use in which we currently relate it, as a collective noun for most advanced communication technologies. As said above, the word media hints a rich history extending back to the Latin word medius. Yet the path by which this ancient word ( medius ) for “middle” came to serve as a collective noun for our most advanced communication technologies is difficult to trace. The philological record informs us that the substantive noun medium was rarely connected with matters of communication before the latter nineteenth century. Although GUIllory did a great job of tracing the origin of the concept from an English version of Aristotle’s Poetics from 1...